From the vantage point of a Warsaw-based security expert, the presentation will focus on the nuclear threats facing Europe, initial lessons for nuclear deterrence from the Russia-Ukraine war, as well as the review of responses, including ongoing adaptation of NATO’s nuclear deterrence posture, implementation of the French “forward deterrence” concept, the evolving role of the United Kingdom, and ideas for a “European” nuclear deterrent. The presentation will also touch upon the question of the likelihood of friendly (and unfriendly) nuclear proliferation in Europe.